As in all of Scandinavia, the nuclear family forms the basis of society. The birthrate is low with, on average, less than two children per family. Marriage is declining, and cohabitation outside marriage is common.
Swedish society has an egalitarian tradition. The role of the state is seen as the provision of conditions allowing each individual, male or female, to gain economic independence through employment. Sweden's welfare system is also one of the most extensive in the world. However, in the early 1990s, recession reduced benefits, and mothers in particular now face increasing difficulties with the closure of childcare facilities. Women make up nearly half of the work force, one of the highest proportions in Europe.
While Sweden has generous asylum laws, immigration is tightly controlled. Racial tensions are minimal, although there have been instances of right-wing attacks on Bosnian refugees.
A 15,000-strong minority of Sami (or Lapps) live in northern Sweden. Their traditional way of life is protected.
